Charles Platt’s 1983 book Dream Makers Volume II: The Uncommon Men & Women Who Write Science
Fiction includes a chapter on Andre Norton, based on an interview Platt
conducted at her home in Winter Park, Fla., in March 1982, when she was 70
years old.
At one point, Norton asks Platt a reasonable question
about gender (though the verb he uses is “cross-examine”). From there, she very
quickly steers the conversation into a discussion of gay themes and sexual
themes in science fiction. Here’s the complete passage, complete with Norton’s abrupt
segue. The “I” is Platt himself:
She pauses, here, to cross-examine me on how many female
writers will be in Dream Makers II. Will
I be including Anne McCaffrey? C.L. Moore? Leigh Brackett? Marion Zimmer
Bradley?
I explain that some of them write fantasy, which I don’t
enjoy.
“You class Anne McCaffrey as a fantasy writer? She is
not. And she is one of the leading writers. If you leave her out, you are going
to run into trouble.” She tells me this very firmly.
“Jacqueline Lichtenberg is also of importance. Her books
are difficult reading, but they are interesting.”
Since most of the names that Andre Norton has mentioned
have been active in the field for many decades, I ask if there are any modern
women writers whom she admires.
“Of course right now I’m very upset, in the new attitude
in fantasy toward homosexuality. I feel very deeply that this is wrong. At
least half of the readers of fantasy are under twenty. Some of them, who are
exceptional readers, are only ten or twelve.
“There’ve been some very bald books involving
homosexuality. One of them fell into my hands, and I was so outraged that I
simply threw the book in the garbage. And that book was up for a prize. Another
was sent to me, and I opened in on a sex scene that was so absolutely
nauseating that it made my physically ill!
“This trend is getting stronger and stronger. For a good
many years, when I was in the library, they would not buy science fiction and
fantasy books, because those were considered trash, as a result of those
dreadful covers on the magazines. So I fought and fought to get them on library
lists.
“I have friends who teach science fiction in high school,
and they have to be so careful, now, in vetting the books because of this new
trend, for fear of using anything that any parent could object to.
“I feel that all the work that I tried to do, to
establish science fiction as a perfectly good form of reading, is being
undermined.”
Is she objecting, for example, to the John Norman books
about warriors and slave girls?
“Well, now, I’ve read exactly one of those, and I thought
it was a very poor imitation of Edgar Rice Burroughs. No, those are sadistic,
but another book, for example” – she asks me to omit its title – “not only
described a homosexual relationship, but an incestuous one, between two
brothers, in the greatest detail.
“You don’t have to go in for sensational material in
order to write a good book. Some people are now writing books that would strike
an impressionable young person in a very questionable fashion. This is an evil
and dangerous thing.” (Platt 98-99)
This was two years before Norton was named the first
female Grand Master by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America, and
23 years before SFWA posthumously named its new young-adult-novel award in her
honor.
I keep trying to read Norton’s comments, as presented by
Platt, as a denunciation of explicit sex in young-adult books -- into which category Norton seems to consign all science fiction and fantasy -- and not an expression
of homophobia per se. However, I find inescapable Norton’s implication that the
portrayal of gay sex is especially bad for young readers because
it could turn “an impressionable young person” gay, which to her would be “an
evil and dangerous thing.”
My guess is that every Andre Norton Award winner, nominee
and juror to date would disagree with that attitude, likely even find it
abhorrent (as I do).
They were complicated people, our ancestors, Norton not
the least of them. But am I suggesting SFWA rename its award? I am not.
I’m not really sure how comparable this is to the Lovecraft/World Fantasy Award situation. For one thing, Lovecraft’s racial
attitudes are on display throughout his fiction; you can’t miss them. If Norton’s
fiction, however, contains any
homophobic themes, it’s news to me. I don’t want to make too much out of one
intemperate late-in-life interview.
Moreover, Norton’s strong female characters and the
example of her life and work empowered countless female sf readers and sf writers,
whatever their sexual orientations, in ways Lovecraft never did. I don’t know
whether she would have described herself this way, but she was undeniably a
trailblazer for feminism and inclusivity in science fiction. Note, above, how readily
she takes Platt to school on basic gender parity, as if she has had to do that a lot, and does not mind doing it.
Some of the field’s newfound inclusivity may have appalled
her in her old age, but it nevertheless was an inclusivity she helped to inspire,
throughout her long career. We all should do so much.
I am curious, of course, to know what novel involving gay
brothers Norton might have been talking about, and what prize contender she threw into the trash. Suggestions are welcome. Were these by woman writers, I wonder? She must have made some connection, in her head,
between “modern women writers” and gay themes. [Added later: One likely candidate emerges in this subsequent post.]
I also wonder whether the word “bald” in Norton’s phrase “very
bald books involving homosexuality” is a misprint of “bad.” However, Norton
could well have meant “bald” as in “blatant” or “explicit.”
P.S. I am soliciting comments from Platt, and will
pass those along as I can. For the record, Platt wound up including five women
writers in his book, none of them suggested by Norton, out of 28 writers total.
Source: Platt, Charles. “Andre Norton.” Dream Makers Volume II: The Uncommon Men
& Women Who Write Science Fiction. New York: Berkley Books, 1983.
95-102.
